reflexive relations(US-UR), Respondent conditioning(CS-CR)

An conditioned response is one that we do not have to learn. A startle response from touching a hot item is an example. One's thoughts and holding one's breath are learned. 

Reflex is a response and its associated controlling stimulus.

The NS can become a CS by repeated pairing with an US/UR or CS/CR. If the US/CS does not cause a change in behavior, then the NS will not become a CS. For example, a US typically elicits an increase in heart rate. If the NS/US paring occurs when heart rate is already high, then the NS will not become a CS. A NS occurring after a US will not create a CS.

Respondent behavior can be elicited, but it cannot be shaped. It is elicited by an antecedent stimulus. Respondent behavior can sometimes be brought under operant control. For example, a typical UCR is to draw back from a very hot object UCS(hot object). However, through operant conditioning, one can learn to walk on coals. 

Respondent behavior includes all reflexes. A large variety of internal bodily processes are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and are respondent behaviors. Examples of this include digestion, change in heart rate, and production of hormone. 

Presenting a neutral stimulus along with an unconditioned stimulus will result in the neutral stimulus acquiring unconditioned stimulus properties-i.e., it will elicit a conditioned response. We then call the previously neutral stimulus a conditioned stimulus.  

The aggression and emotional behavior may be respondent, but also may be operant, especially if they result in opportunities to ride the tricycle. For example, if crying is part of the behavioral repertoire that occasionally gets reinforced, then it becomes operant behavior, especially if it stars to occur under stimulus control. 

An unconditioned stimulus elicits behavior that is part of the individual's biology(or phylogeny)-i.e., it elicits an unconditioned response. 

Respondent conditioning calls for identification of an unconditioned stimulus that reliably elicits an unconditioned response and a pairing of a neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus. Also, during the conditioning process, the neutral stimulus must be absent when the unconditioned stimulus is absent. 

Respondent conditioning process calls for presenting a neutral stimulus with or immediately preceding an unconditioned stimulus.

The unconditioned response is only referred to as such when elicited by the unconditioned stimulus The neutral stimulus must be presented with or immediately before the unconditioned stimulus. 

Neutral Stimulus- no effect

An unconditioned stimulus- elicits responding without prior training.

Discriminative stimulus -reinforcement has been provided in its presence when a given response occurs and has not been provided in its absence. 

Respondent conditioning, classical conditioning, and Pavlovian conditioning are all synonymous.