applided behavior analysis ch.1 (distingush between radical and Methodological behavior)

1. Radical behaviorism

Radical behaviorism calls for comprehensive analysis of all forms of activity according to behavioral principles, including actions that are not publicly observable. 

Instead of appealing to hypothetical constructs regarding presumed mental processes, radical behaviorism asserts that private events are no different than public events other than the tact that they are unobservable by others. 

private event(unobervable behavior)는 public event(observable behavior)와 다르지 않다. 

Radical behaviorism assumes that private events function the same as public events, so all human behavior can be  explained according to the same principles, even though some cannot be directly investigated using empirical methods. 

경험적 방법을 통해서 조사할수는 없지만 인간의 행동은 동일한 원칙에 따라 설명된다.

-a comprehensive description of all human behavior(overt and convert) according to principles derived from the empirical study of behavior

- a comprehensive description of all human behavior(overt and convert) according to known behavioral principles, including those events which are not publicly observable, is possible was proposed by B.F. Skinner. 

- the S-R-S model of proposed by B.F. Skinner. 

-"Thinking" is the act of privately talking to oneself.

- B.F. Skinner argued that there is no logical reason to assume that behavior operates according to different principles simply because it occurs within an organism's skin. 

2. The word "agitation" as used here is indicative of the methodological perspective - a presumed intervening variable determines how Jane "Perceives" the noise of young children and cause him to behave aggressively. 

agitation은 방법론적 관점.

3. methodological

methodological behaviorists believe that human behavior results from the action of presumed organismic variables that determine how a person responds to external stimuli. 

-Methodological behaviorists adopted scientific methods of inquiry in conducting their research, but continue to use their data to make inferences about hypothetical mental processes. 

An analysis of publicly observable events in order to make inferences about presumed mediating variables that affect behavior.

-S-O-R model 

외부의 자극에 어떻게 반응하냐.

데이터를 사용. 

-These methods are more closely aligned with the philosophy and practice of tranditional psycology. 

-"Talking" is an overt response to stimuli mediated through organismic variable.  

4 Mentalism. 유심론

According to a mentalistic perspective, examining one's thoughts is presumed to be a useful method of observing one's mental and emotional processes at work. 

encourage her clients to examine their thoughts to understand why they feel depressed. 

-the proper subject matter for psychology is the nature and function of presumed mental processes and conscious states of mind according to the traditional view of psychology and the philosophy of Mentalism.

- There are many ways to talk about concepts such as "self-esteem" and " regard for others". Mentalists invoke concepts such as self-esteem, self-reliance, confidence and the other behavioral control agents of " the mind." Behaviorists avoid such terms in favor of operational definitions of observable events.

5. Behaviorism.

The S-R(stimulus-response) model of psychology offered by John Watson in his advocacy of behaviorism offered a unique approach to psychological inquiry by looking for the determinants of human behavior in the environment rather than in the mind. 

Perceiving stimuli and  and processing information are examples of presumed internal processes. Such explanations were often called explanatory fiction by early behaviorists. Behaviorism rejected explanations of behavior that appealed to presumed internal processes. the determinants of behavior were to be found in the environment rather than in the mind. 

행동은 환경에서 기인한다.